35,000-40,000 Jews lived in the city. Jews were concentrated in the city's commercial, artisan, and professional sectors. Kovno was also a center of Jewish learning. Kovno had a very diverse Jewish culture. The city had about 100 Jewish organizations, 40 synagogues, a lot of Yiddish schools, 4 Hebrew high schools, a Jewish hospital, and many Jewish-owned businesses. The city was located in central Lithuania. On June 24, 1941, the Nazi party took control of the town. The Jews ended up being massacred by the Nazis, having half of their population killed at first, and the Nazis decided to convert the town into the Kauen concentration camp.The Soviet army liberated the town on August 1, 1944.
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